Frederick ransome



{No Modl.) 2 sheetssheet 1.

F. RANSOME.

MANUFACTURING CEMENT, Nw.

Patented Apr. 20, 1886.

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(No Model.)

Patented Apr. 20, 1886.

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UNITED STATES PATENT @Erica FREDERICK EANsoME, on LOWER NoEWooD, COUNTY OESUEEEY,

l ENGLAND.

MANUFACTURING CEMENT, C.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 340,357', dated April 2.0, 188,6.

Application tiled January 18, 1886. Serial No, 189,942.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDEEIck RANsoME, a subject ofthe Queen of Great Britain, residing at Lower Norwood, in the county of Surrey, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Manufacturing Cements, Src., (for which 'i have obtained an English patent dated May 2, 1885, and numbered 5,44%) of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings, in which* Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section; Fig. 2, an end View of the same, and Fig. 3 a cross-section through the line 1/ y.

This invention relates to a new process and apparatus for the manufacture of limes, ceinents, andsimilar substances.

The ordinary way of burning' lime, cement,

&ac., isto place the materials in a kiln in blocks or lumps, together with the fuel, and the two are thus burned together. It has also been proposed to effect the burning by feeding the niaterial in a pulverized state into a rotating cylinder heated by a furnace arranged in close proximity to one end of said cylinder where the fuel was burning, and the flames produced by the combustion entered directly into one end of the cylinder. rlhis, although an improvement on the old plan, is wasteful of the fuel, and is objectionable otherwise, owing to the ashes, sparks, and partly-consumed fuel, which are liable to mix with the cement.

According to my invention I use a (preferably) rotary cylinder heated by gas from a separate producer, which gas passes into the cylinder, together with sufficient air or steam, or both, to cause the 'combustion of the same, and thus produce an intense heat directly within the cylinder and among the particles of cement .materials asthe latter pass through the furnace, by which means not only are the materials more rapidly converted into cement, but all sparks, ashes, &c., are kept 'from mixing with the same. I also preferably feed the material into vthe cylinder by means of a mechanical feeding device, by which it is fed into the cylinder in a regulated speed, whereby a greater uniformity of the quality of the material is obtained;

Referring now to the drawings by letter, A represents an inclined cylinder resting on roll (No model.) Patented in England May 2, 1855. No. 5,442.

ers B, running in suitable supports,G, mounted on the brick-work setting ofthe furnace, whereby the cylinder can revolve freely, like other revolving furnaces. shaft, D, supported on hollow blocks E, pro` vided with fast and loose pulleys F, and a screw, G, which meshes into a ring of teeth, H, surrounding the cylii'lder, by which a slow revolving motion is given to the cylinder.

At H is a hopper, which i's preferably pro vided with a suitable feeding device, as I, to which motion is imparted. by a shaft, J, provided with a cone of pulleys, IQ whereby the speed of the feeder may be regulated at will. Below this hopper and feeder is a curved-pipe, L, the lower end of which terminates within the upper 'end of the cylinder. At the opposite or lower end of the cylinder there is a horizontal gas-pipe, M, which communicates by means of a pipe, N, with a gas-producer, O, which may be of any appropriate kind; but I prefer the form shown in the drawings. Between the pipe N and the horizontal pipe M is a valve, P, by which the amount of gas passing to the furnace is regulated. As shown, the pipe N, leading from the gas-producer O to the revolving furnace, descends to a trap, N', where any ashes, sparks, &c., that may pass off with` the4 gas will be arrested and separated, so that nothing but gas passes to the furnace.

In the pipe M another pipe, R, is centrally secured, which pipe is providedy at its outer end'with a stea1nnozzle, i', by which a jet of steam may be admitted, and thus ablast of air carried into the furnace with the gas. I sometimes provide the pipe R with means for partially or wholly closing its inlet, so that steam alone or more or less air may be admitted without especial regard to the amount of steam used.

Beneath the lower end of the cylinder A is a pit, Q, to which access may be had by an opening` in the side. At the opposite end of the cylinder is a scttling-pit, Q', arranged near the outlet to the chimney S, which latter is provided with a damper, T, for .regulating its draft.

The cylinder is preferably made of boileriron of a suitable thickness,l and lined with fire-bricks U u, those marked u projecting Beneath the furnace is a trther toward the center of the cylinder, for purpose that will hereinafter be explained. The manner of using the above apparatus )r making cement is as follows: Supposing he gas-producer to be charged with fuel and i operation and the steam-nozzle connected Yith a suitable supply of steam, the materials f which the cement is to be composed-such s clay and chalkare first intimately mixed Jgether, either' in the dry or wet state. If i the wet state, the mixed materials or slury is dried, then pulverized, and afterward ifted to bring it to the degree of fneness re uired in the cement. The finely-powdered laterial is then put into the hopper H, and ie feeder I being moved at the regulated )eed gradually and regularly feeds the matea1 into the cylinder, which as it rotates eeps constantly turning the material over nd over, so that every portion of the cementraking material is brought directly Linder the :tion of the intense heat within the cylinder, used by the combustion ofthe gas from the is-producer, and thus every particle of the iment so made has been subjected to the line degree of heat. The oxygen to support imbustion is supplied through` the pipe R, id is forced into the furnace in suicient iantity by means of the steam-nozzle r. The irning of the material is much facilitated by le bricksu extendinginto the furnace, for they rry the material nearly up to the top of the oper side of the cylinder, from whence it lls in a stream down to the bottom side of e cylinder, passing through the intenselyiated and burning gases as it falls, when it again carried up and again falls through the irning gases. This is repeated again and gain until the material has become thorighly burned into cement and drops from the wer end of the cylinder into the pit Q, from nich it is removed through the opening at e side.

Itis obvious that limes or cements made ith other materials than clay and chalk may s similarly reduced to powder of the requi- Lefmeness before burning, and be then burned the manner above described.

I regard the admixtureof the gases from e producer with the requisite amount of :ygen in the revolving cylinder and the comistion of the same therein as one of the es ntial features of my process, because by this ode of operation there is no liability of the ixture with the cement of objectionable matr, and the operation is more sure, thus proicing a cement of uniform good quality, 1d especially is this the case when the trap N is employed. I also consider the regulan tion of the feed of the material into the cy1in der as an important feature. as that also aids in procuring a uniform product.

In some cases I may place a grinding apparat-us above the hopper and feeder, or use it as a substitute for the same, whereby one handling of the material is saved.

I do not claim, broadly, the making of cement by first grinding the material to a fine powder and then calcining the same, but

What I do claim as new is- 1. The process herein described of manufacturing cements, 85e., whichV consists in first reducing the' cement material to a powder and then burning the same in a suitable furnace by keeping it in a continuous movement therein while exposed to the flame produced by introducing into said furnace gas produced in a separate chamber distinct from the furnace, and mixing with said gas after it has lefilhe gas-producer a suitable amount of oxygen, substantially as described.

2. The process herein described of mann factoring cements, Sto., which consists in first reducing the cement material to a lpowder and then burning the same in a revolving chamber while exposed to the flame produced by introducing into said chambergas made in a separate producer distinct from the furnace. and mixing with said gas after it has left the gasproducer a suitable amount "of oxygen, substantially as described.

3. The combination, in a cement-burning apparatus, of a revolving cylinder, a gas producer, and a trap between said gas producer and cylinder, substantially as described.

4. The combinaticn., in acement-liurning apparatus, of a revolving cylinder, a gas producer, and a mechanical feeder, substantially as described.

5. The combination, in a cement-burning loo apparatus, of a revolving cylinder, a gas-pro ducer, and a gas-pipe connecting said producer with the revolvingtylinder, and an airtube passing through said gas-pipe to'supply the same with oxygen, whereby the air is io5 heated by the gas and the two are mixed in the revolving cylinder, substantially as described. y

In testimony whereof I affix my signature, in presence oftwo witnesses, this 4th day ofJanui io ary, 1886.

FREDERICK RANSOME. Witnesses:

HERBERT E. DALE, W. J AMES S. KERTEN, Both of No. 17 Gracechurch Street, London. 

